U18
Apennine-Balkanic hardwood alluvial forests (Fraxinus angustifolia s. l., Quercus robur, Quercus pedunculiflora, Ulmus minor, Carpinus betulus) with Leucojum aestivum, Carex pendula, Periploca graeca in combination with alluvial forests (Salix alba, Populus alba, Populus nigra) and oak-hornbeam forests (Carpinus betulus, Quercus robur)
Description
Usually multi-layered, well-growing oak-(elm)-ash hardwood alluvial forests, ash, ash-smoothleaf elm or black alder-ash alluvial forests with dominant Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa and additions of Ulmus minor, Quercus robur in the tree layer. The shrub layer is species-rich and features many lianas. Also, the herb layer is opulent and species-rich, hygrophytes and especially telmatophytes are frequent. The moss layer is insignificant.The softwood alluvial forests occurring in complex are formed from Populus species (Populus alba, P. nigra, P. x canescens) or from white willow (Salix alba) with additions of Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa and Ulmus minor.
U18a: Hardwood alluvial forest
U18b: Softwood alluvial forest
Biome Composition
No details
Tree Layer
U18a: Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. Oxycarpa (Ash), admixed Ulmus minor (Elm), Quercus robur (Common Oak), locally Quercus pedunculiflora (Common Oak), Carpinus betulus (Hornbeam)
Ash, admixed Elm, Common Oak, locally Common Oak, Hornbeam
U18b: Populus alba (White Poplar), Populus nigra (Black Poplar), Salix alba (White Willow); partly Quercus cerris (Common Oak), Laurus nobilis (Bay Laurel), Acer campestre (Field Maple), Fraxinus ornus (Ash), Carpinus orientalis (Hornbeam (tiny-medium))
White Poplar, Black Poplar, White Willow, partly Common Oak, Bay Laurel, Field Maple, Ash and Hornbeam (tiny-medium)
Shrub Layer
young growth of trees; Cornus sanguinea (Fruiting Dogwood), Ligustrum vulgare (Elder Bush), Crataegus monogyna (Hawthorn), Corylus avellana (Hazel), Euonymus europaea (Spindle), Malus sylvestris (Crab Apple), Cornus mas (Lebrethron), Ruscus aculeatus (Fruiting Holly Bush), Vitex agnus-castus
Oak, Apple, Alder, Willow and Downy Willow saplings
Lianas
Periploca graeca, Hedera helix, Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris, Clematis vitalba, Clematis viticella, Smilax aspera, Solanum dulcamara, Rosa sempervirens, Lonicera caprifolium, Rubia peregrina, Rubus ulmifolius, Rubus sanctus, Tamus communis, Calystegia sepium, Bryonia dioica
Herb Layer
Carex pendula (woodland_sedge), Carex remota (bottle_sedge), Carex divulsa (woodland_sedge), Rumex sanguineus (greater_wood_rush), Leucojum aestivum (bottle_sedge), Circaea lutetiana (sweet_woodruff), Angelica sylvestris (angelica), Stachys sylvatica (purple_wolfs_bane), Symphytum tuberosum (sweet_woodruff), Lathyrus venetus, Helleborus foetidus (greater_wood_rush), Primula acaulis (wild_parsley), Galium palustre (sweet_woodruff), Agrostis stolonifera (kentucky_bluegrass), Lysimachia nummularia (wild_parsley), Lysimachia vulgaris (sweet_woodruff), Mentha aquatica (nettles), Carex distans (bottle_sedge), Carex riparia (rushes), Carex vesicaria (bottle_sedge), Equisetum telmateia (wood_horsetail), Iris pseudacorus (lush_grass); Arum italicum (sweet_woodruff), Anemone apennina (ABSENT), Cyclamen repandum (ABSENT), Ranunculus lanuginosus (wild_parsley), Ranunculus ficaria (wild_parsley), Brachypodium sylvaticum (lush_grass), Asparagus acutifolius (wood_horsetail), Euphorbia amygdaloides (green_spurge), Sanicula europaea (oxeye_daisy), Melica uniflora (lush_grass), Viola reichenbachiana (sweet_woodruff)
Lower Anduin
No items found.