U12
East Sarmatian hardwood alluvial forests (Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis) with Matteuccia struthiopteris in combination with poplar and willow alluvial forests (Populus nigra, Salix alba) as well as willow scrub (Salix acutifolia, Salix triandra, Salix viminalis) and alder carrs (Alnus glutinosa))
Description
a) Three-layered pedunculate oak alluvial forests with regularly added Ulmus laevis and Tilia cordata; in the moderately closed undergrowth one finds Viburnum opulus, Frangula alnus and Rosa majalis. The herb layer is species-rich, with dominating ferns, tall herbs or herbs. Matteuccia struthiopteris, Athyrium filix-femina, Filipendula ulmaria, Urtica dioica, Rubus caesius and sometimes Bromus inermis or Alopecurus pratensis number amongst the most important species. In lily of the valley-oak forests at more raised locations Rubus caesius, Lysimachia nummularia. Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sibiricum, Glechoma hederacea, Sanguisorba officinalis, Galium rubioides and Carex praecox grow in addition to Convallaria majalis.
b) three-layered poplar or willow softwood meadows are formed from many willow species in the shrub layer and a colourful herb layer, consisting of grasses and herbs in particular.
U12a: Hardwood alluvial forest
U12b: Willow alluvial forest
Tree Layer
U12a: Quercus robur (Common Oak), Ulmus laevis (Elm), Alnus glutinosa (Alder), Tilia cordata (Common Linden)
U12b: Populus nigra (Black Poplar), Salix alba (White Willow)
Shrub Layer
U12a: Viburnum opulus (Linden Bush), Frangula alnus (Alder Buckthorn), Rosa majalis (Elm Bush),
Oak, Apple, Alder, Willow and Downy Willow saplings
U12b: Salix acutifolia (Crack Willow), Salix triandra (White Willow Bush), Salix viminalis (White Willow Bush)
Willow and Downy Willow saplings
Lianas
No detail
Herb Layer
U12a: Matteuccia struthiopteris (fern_1), Athyrium filix-femina (fern_1, bracken, fern), Filipendula ulmaria (cotton_grass), Urtica dioica (wild_overgrown_nettles), Rubus caesius (blackberry_bush), Convallaria majalis (lily_of_the_valley), Lysimachia nummularia (wild_parsley), Heracleum sphondylium subsp. Sibiricum (cow_parsley), Glechoma hederacea (wild_parsley), Sanguisorba officinalis (red_clover_flowers), Galium rubioides (horse_chestnut_tree_sapling), Carex praecox (timothy_grass), Bromus inermis (woodland_sedge), Alopecurus pratensis (timothy_grass);
U12b: Calamagrostis epigejos (dry_reeds), Bromus inermis (woodland_sedge), Phalaris arundinacea (green_meadow_fescue), Lythrum virgatum
North-eastern Rhovanion, feeding into the Sea of Rhun from eastern Forodwaith
