Mostly three-layered stands with dominant Pinus pinaster, in the lower layer with Quercus ilex or Quercus suber, often lacking clear stratification into tree and shrub layers, up to 15 m in height, with 15-30 species/survey. The herb layer is dense in older stands.
Pinus pinaster (Maritime Pine), Quercus ilex (Holm Oak), Quercus suber (Cork Oak)
Quercus pubescens (Downy Oak), Arbutus unedo (Strawberry Tree), Ligustrum vulgare (Elder Bush), Ruscus aculeatus (Holly Bush with Berries)
Lonicera periclymenum, Rubia peregrina
Grass mix










