Vegetation complex of oak-pedunculate oak, small-leaved lime-pedunculate oak and (pine-)pedunculate oak forests and meadow steppes as well as petrophytic steppes with regionally different combinations and a specific, climatically-determined vegetation gradient from north to south and from west to east. In the northern range steppe-like meadows are distributed in which not only meadow steppe and steppe grasses (Festuca valesiaca, Poa angustifolia, Phleum phleoides, Helictotrichon schellianum etc.) but also meadow grasses (Agrostis vinealis, Koeleria delavignei, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Festuca pratensis, Briza media etc.) occur. Often meadow steppe and meadow herbs (Ranunculus polyanthemos, Fragaria viridis, Salvia pratensis, Trifolium pratense, Filipendula vulgaris, Potentilla humifusa, Leucanthemum vulgare etc.) are also present. In the southern part of the range meadow steppes with feather grasses (Stipa tirsa, Stipa pennata), Bromus riparius and Carex humilis dominate, while meadow grasses are on the other hand absent. Intermingled herbs typical for the East European meadow steppes include Volgian-south-Siberian-Kazakh (Campanula wolgensis, Artemisia latifolia, Artemisia sericea) as well as other "eastern" species.
Ash-oak forests (Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior) and oak forests with ash and lime (Tilia cordata) with numerous mixed tree species and shrubs in the undergrowth dominate in the western range, and to the south and east various mixed tree species disappear and light pedunculate oak-steppe forests start to form sometimes with admixtures of pine and steppe elements in the understorey, including also south-Siberian elements.

L5a: Forests

L5b (meadow steppe):