L13
Danubian herb-grass steppes (Stipa lessingiana, Festuca valesiaca) with Delphinium fissum, Campanula macrostachya and Chrysopogon gryllus alternating with grey oak and downy oak forests (Quercus pedunculiflora, Quercus pubescens)
Description
Mosaic of thermophilous forests and steppes primarily on loess sites. Species-rich steppes with dominant Festuca valesiaca and Stipa species. Pontic and sub-Mediterranean grasses (Chrysopogon gryllus, Cleistogenes serotina etc.) as well as dicotyledons are characteristic. Meadow plants are largely absent .In the forests the west Pontic-Anatolian grey oak (Quercus pedunculiflora), and locally also Quercus pubescens, dominates, while Acer tataricum, A. campestre and Ulmus procera etc. are admixtures. The shrub layer is well developed, the herb layer consists of xerothermic herbs and grasses.
Tree Layer
in forests: Quercus pedunculiflora (Common Oak), partly with Quercus cerris (Common Oak), Quercus robur (in the east) (Common Oak), Quercus pubescens (Dobrudscha) (Downy Oak), in the underwood Acer tataricum (Field Maple (small-medium), Ulmus procera (English Elm), Pyrus pyraster (Pear), Malus sylvestris (Crab Apple), Acer campestre (Field Maple), Fraxinus ornus (Common Ash), Sorbus domestica (Dobrudscha)
Shrub Layer
in forests: Crataegus monogyna (Hawthorn), Ligustrum vulgare (Elder Bush), Viburnum lantana (Linden Bush), Euonymus verrucosa (Wild Pear), Rhamnus cathartica (Fruiting Alder Buckthorn), Prunus spinosa (Blackthorn), Dobrudscha: Cotinus coggygria, Cornus mas (Lebrethron); in steppes: locally Caragana frutex, Caragana mollis, Spiraea hypericifolia, Chamaecytisus blockianus, Cotinus coggygria
Lianas
No detail
Herb Layer
in steppes: Stipa lessingiana, Stipa ucrainica, Stipa pulcherrima, Stipa pennata, Stipa capillata, Stipa tirsa, Stipa dasyphylla, Festuca valesiaca, Festuca rupicola, Koeleria macrantha, Poa angustifolia, Bromus inermis, Chrysopogon gryllus, Cleistogenes serotina, Cleistogenes bulgarica, Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum, Thymus kosteleckyanus, Campanula sibirica, Centaurea orientalis (green_spurge), Salvia nutans, Salvia nemorosa, Euphorbia nicaeensis subsp. stepposa (rock_rose), Onobrychis arenaria, Dianthus giganteus, Dianthus pallens, Achillea clypeolata (marsh_ragwort), Achillea pannonica, Inula britannica, Knautia macedonica (orpine, red_clover_flowers), Trinia kitaibelii, Allium flavum, Allium paniculatum;in forests: Lithospermum purpurocaeruleum (greater_wood_rush), Viola hirta (greater_wood_rush), V. jordanii (sweet_woodruff), Geum urbanum (wild_parsley), Glechoma hirsuta, Carex michelii (lush_grass), C. tomentosa (lush_grass), Fragaria viridis, Vinca herbacea (greater_wood_rush), Paeonia peregrina, Ornithogalum fimbriatum, Doronicum hungaricum, Veratrum nigrum; Vincetoxicum hirundinaria, Thalictrum minus, Asparagus verticillatus (wood_horsetail), Laser trilobum
Sections of Anórien, incl. the Pelennor Fields
