J17
Ligurian-Tyrrhenian meso-Mediterranean holm oak forests (Quercus ilex) with Fraxinus ornus, Ostrya carpinifolia, Viburnum tinus
Description
Evergreen, three-layered holm oak forests (Quercus ilex) with Viburnum tinus, Phillyrea latifolia etc. in the shrub layer. Many Mediterranean xerophilic species (particularly species of the Quercetea ilicis and lower syntaxa) in all layers. Also high-growing, but only on Sardinia.
Tree Layer
Quercus ilex (Holm Oak), Ostrya carpinifolia (Hornbeam), Fraxinus ornus (Common Ash), Acer monspessulanum (Cretan Maple), Quercus pubescens (Downy Oak), Pinus pinaster (Maritime Pine), Pinus pinea (Stone Pine)
Shrub Layer
Viburnum tinus (English Elm Bush), Phillyrea latifolia (Green Olive), Arbutus unedo (Strawberry Tree), Buxus sempervirens (Boxwood), Pistacia lentiscus (Mastic Tree), Cytisus villosus (wild_shrub), Erica arborea (Greek Juniper Bush), Daphne gnidium (wild_shrub)
Lianas
Smilax aspera (ivy-variant trees), Rubia peregrina (sweet_woodruff), Clematis cirrhosa (Alder Buckthorn), Clematis flammula (Flowering Alder Buckthorn), Tamus communis (ivy-variant trees), Lonicera implexa (Common Ash Bush), Rosa sempervirens (English Elm Bush), Hedera helix (ivy-variant trees), Ruscus aculeatus (Fruiting Holly Bush), Rubus ulmifolius (Fruiting Bramble)
Herb Layer
Asparagus acutifolius (wood_horsetail), Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. pinnatifidum (lavender), Euphorbia characias (green_spurge), Carex distachya (green_meadow_fescue), Carex halleriana (small_fescue), Asplenium onopteris (fern), Pteridium aquilinum (bracken), Luzula forsteri (deergrass), Paeonia mascula subsp. Russii (bog_blueberry_bush)))
Moss layer (incl. lichens)
Hypnum cupressiforme (green_sphagnum_moss), Scorpiurium circinatum, Amblystegium serpens, Fissidens taxifolius, Isothecium alopecuroides
Belfalas and Tolfalas
