G57
Albanian-Macedonian-Greek mixed Oriental hornbeam-downy oak forests (Quercus pubescens, Quercus virgiliana, Carpinus orientalis) with Symphytum ottomanum, partly with Phillyrea latifolia, Quercus coccifera, Asparagus acutifolius
Description
Moderately high, three-layered forests with a varyingly rich shrub layer and a moderately developed herb layer (currently usually two-layered forests featuring only a tree and a herb layer).
Tree Layer
Quercus pubescens (Downy Oak), Quercus virgiliana (Common Oak), Quercus frainetto (Common Oak), (Quercus cerris) (Common Oak), Fraxinus ornus (Common Ash), Carpinus orientalis (Hornbeam (tiny-medium)), Acer campestre (Field Maple), Acer monspessulanum (Cretan Maple), Ulmus minor (Elm), Celtis australis (European Nettle Tree), Ostrya carpinifolia (Hornbeam), Cercis siliquastrum (Judas Tree)
Downy Oak, Common Oak, Common Ash, Hornbeam (tiny-medium), Field Maple, Cretan Maple, Elm, European Nettle Tree, Hornbeam and Judas Tree
Shrub Layer
Crataegus monogyna (Hawthorn), Cotinus coggygria (Elder), Cornus mas (Lebrethron), Ligustrum vulgare (Elder Bush), Hippocrepis emerus (Common Ash Bush), Juniperus oxycedrus (Greek Juniper Bush), Phillyrea latifolia (Green Olive), Jasminum fruticans (Flowering Gorse), Paliurus spina-christi (Ash Bush), Pistacia terebinthus (Terebinth), Colutea arborescens (Common Ash Bush)
Oak, Apple, Cherry and Alder saplings
Lianas
Hedera helix (ivy-variant trees), Clematis vitalba, Clematis viticella, Clematis flammula, Tamus communis , Asparagus acutifolius (wood_horsetail)
Herb Layer
Lithospermum purpurocaeruleum (greater_wood_rush), Symphytum ottomanum, Potentilla micrantha (wild_parsley), Lathyrus niger (wild_shrub), Silene italica (ABSENT), Viola alba subsp. Dehnhardtii (sweet_woodruff), Festuca heterophylla (meadow_fescue), Helleborus odorus (sweet_woodruff), Stipa bromoides (bottle_sedge), Ranunculus rumelicus (small_fescue), Anemone blanda (ABSENT), Anemone pavonina (ABSENT), Arum italicum (sweet_woodruff), Dactylis glomerata (green_meadow_fescue), Brachypodium sylvaticum (lush_grass), Luzula forsteri (deergrass)
Southern Ithilien
