G41
Downy oak forests (Quercus pubescens) with Buxus sempervirens, Genista cinerea, partly Acer opalus from the south Pyrenees to the southwest pre-Alps
Description
Quite closed, moderately-high forests in which Quercus pubescens (10-12 m) prevails in the tree layer accompanied by Acer and Sorbus species. The shrub layer is rich in Buxus sempervirens and other woody plants. In the herb layer numerous thermophilous and some mesophilous forest species including geophytes are present.
Biome:
Trees: Downy Oak (dominant); Field Maple, Cretan Maple, Wild Service Tree, Whitebeam, Linden
Generally smaller sizes (10-12 m)
Include ivy-variant trees
Shrubs: Boxwood (prominent), Elder, Ash Bush, Alder Buckthorn, Lebethron, Linden Bush, Blackthorn Bush, Beech Bush, Hawthorn, Terebinth, Hazel, English Elm Bush, Fruiting Bramble, Gorse Bush
Ground cover: patches of sweet_woodruff, greater_wood_rush, green_meadow_fescue, lush_grass; small clumps of wild_shrub, peony, dandelion, wood_horsetail; isolated oxeye_daisy, harebell
Tree Layer
Quercus pubescens (Downy Oak) predominant, admixed Acer opalus (Field Maple, small-medium), Acer monspessulanum (Cretan Maple), Acer campestre (Field Maple), Sorbus torminalis (Wild Service Tree), Sorbus aria (Whitebeam), Sorbus domestica (Wild Service Tree), locally Tilia platyphyllos (Linden)
Shrub Layer
Buxus sempervirens (Boxwood), Cotinus coggygria (Elder), Colutea arborescens (Common Ash Bush), Rhamnus alpina (Alder Buckthorn), Rhamnus saxatilis (Alder Buckthorn), Cytisophyllum sessilifolium, Genista cinerea (wild_shrub), Cornus mas (Lebethron), Viburnum lantana (Linden Bush), Daphne laureola (Blackthorn Bush), Amelanchier ovalis (Beech Bush), Crataegus monogyna (Hawthorn), Pistacia terebinthus (Terebinth), Corylus avellana (Hazel), Prunus spinosa (Blackthorn Bush), Hippocrepis emerus (Common Ash Bush)
Lianas
Tamus communis (ivy-variant trees), Rubia peregrina (sweet_woodruff), Hedera helix (ivy-variant trees), Lonicera etrusca (English Elm Bush), Rubus ulmifolius (Fruiting Bramble)
Herb Layer
Genista hispanica (Gorse Bush), Lathyrus latifolius (peony), Inula spiraeifolia (dandelion), Melittis melissophyllum (wood_horsetail), Helleborus foetidus (greater_wood_rush), Tanacetum corymbosum (oxeye_daisy), Brachypodium pinnatum (green_meadow_fescue), Lithospermum purpurocaeruleum (greater_wood_rush), Viola reichenbachiana (sweet_woodruff), Primula veris subsp. columnae (sweet_woodruff), Brachypodium sylvaticum (lush_grass), Geranium sanguineum (sweet_woodruff), Campanula persicifolia (harebell)
Much of western Gondor (Lamedon, Morthond, Anfalas)
