F8
Atlantic-subatlantic birch-pedunculate oak forests (Quercus robur, Betula pendula, Populus tremula) with Hieracium laevigatum, Lonicera periclymenum, Dryopteris carthusiana, Dryopteris dilatata, in the north with Ceratocapnos claviculata, Trientalis europaea, Maianthemum bifolium
Description
Species-deficient mixed oak forests (15-25 m) of dominant oak (Quercus robur, Quercus petraea) and added birches (Betula pendula, Betula pubescens), locally scattered additional tree species such as Populus tremula, Sorbus aucuparia and Fagus sylvatica (the first two grow particularly energetically in north temperate regions). The shrub layer is only sparsely developed particularly under dry air conditions. The herb layer as a rule is species-deficient and is formed by dry-tolerant grasses or Pteridium aquilinum foci with Vaccinium myrtillus, while southern forms of the unit already contain Hieracium species. The moss layer is as a rule only sparsely developed, but increases in significance as the sites become poorer.
Tree Layer
Quercus robur (Common Oak), Quercus petraea (Sessile Oak), admixed Betula pendula (Silver Birch), Betula pubescens (Downy Birch), Fagus sylvatica (Common Beech), Populus tremula (European Aspen)
Common Oak, Sessile Oak, admixed Silver Birch, Downy Birch, Common Beech and European Aspen
Shrub Layer
Young growth of trees, Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan), Prunus serotina (Common Linden (small-medium)), Ilex aquifolium (Holly), Rubus saxatilis (Fruiting Bramble), Rubus idaeus (Fruiting Bramble), Rubus fruticosus (Fruiting Bramble), Lonicera periclymenum (English Elm Bush), Frangula alnus (very rarely) (Alder Buckthorn)
Oak, Alder, Apple, Willow and Downy Willow saplings
Lianas
Lonicera periclymenum (predominately in the Atlantic province)
Herb Layer
Pteridium aquilinum (bracken), Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry_bush), Vaccinium vitis-idaea (lingonberry_bush), Luzula pilosa (greater_wood_rush), Maianthemum bifolium (sweet_woodruff), Melampyrum pratense (common_cow_wheat), Deschampsia flexuosa (lush_grass), Calluna vulgaris (heather), Festuca ovina agg. (bottle_sedge), Veronica officinalis (wild_parsley), Potentilla erecta (birdsfoot_trefoil), Carex pilulifera (bottle_sedge), Dryopteris dilatata (fern_1, bracken, fern), Dryopteris carthusiana (fern_1), Holcus mollis (dry_reeds), Galium saxatile (sweet_woodruff), Ceratocapnos claviculata (wild_parsley), Teucrium scorodonia (sweet_woodruff), Lathyrus linifolius, Hedera helix, Trientalis europaea (greater_wood_rush), Pyrola rotundifolia (wild_parsley)
Forests in between the Shire and Bree, north of the Barrow-downs
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