F57
Central European sessile oak-hornbeam forests (Carpinus betulus, Quercus petraea), partly with Tilia cordata, with few Fagus sylvatica, with Hepatica nobilis, Melampyrum nemorosum, locally with Luzula luzuloides-sessile oak forests
Description
Moderately tall, two- to three-layered small-leaved lime-sessile oak-hornbeam forests; moderately to well developed shrub layer (deciduous trees); herb layer 70-90 % dominated by mesophilous herbs and grasses; the moss layer is absent or weakly developed (and then with only a few bryophytes). The unit is very heterogenous - both edaphically and geographically - and is characterised above all by a preponderance of Tilia cordata, the lack or even absence of Fagus sylvatica, and regionally by Ulmus minor.
Tree Layer
Tilia cordata (Common Linden), Carpinus betulus (Hornbeam), Quercus petraea (Sessile Oak), Quercus robur (Common Oak), Acer platanoides (Field Maple), locally Sorbus torminalis (Wild Service Tree), Acer campestre (Field Maple)
Common Linden, Hornbeam, Sessile Oak, Common Oak, Field Maple, locally Wild Service Tree
Shrub Layer
Corylus avellana (Hazel), Euonymus europaea (Spindle), Crataegus spp. (Hawthorn), Rubus idaeus (Fruiting Bramble), Lonicera xylosteum (Fruiting Hawthorn Bush), Cornus sanguinea (Fruiting Dogwood), Euonymus verrucosa (Wild Pear)
Oak, Apple, Cherry and Alder saplings
Lianas
Hedera helix; in Austria Lonicera caprifolium (rare)
Herb Layer
Galium sylvaticum (sweet_woodruff), Melampyrum nemorosum (nettles), Convallaria majalis (lily_of_the_valley), Festuca heterophylla (meadow_fescue), Stellaria holostea (grass), Aegopodium podagraria (horse_chestnut_tree_sapling), Anemone nemorosa (ABSENT), Asarum europaeum (wild_parsley), Hepatica nobilis (ABSENT), Lamium galeobdolon (wild_parsley), Lilium martagon (ABSENT), Pulmonaria obscura (sweet_woodruff), Melica nutans (woodland_sedge), Dactylis polygama (woodland_sedge), Calamagrostis arundinacea (greater_fen_sedge), Poa nemoralis (lush_grass), Lathyrus vernus (sweet_woodruff), Viola reichenbachiana (sweet_woodruff), Brachypodium sylvaticum (lush_grass), Carex umbrosa (deergrass), Symphytum tuberosum (sweet_woodruff), Anemone ranunculoides (ABSENT), Corydalis cava (ABSENT), Corydalis solida (sweet_woodruff), Ranunculus ficaria (wild_parsley), Allium ursinum (ABSENT)
Forest edge of Mirkwood
