F53
South subatlantic thermophilous sessile oak-hornbeam forests (Carpinus betulus, Quercus petraea) with Quercus pubescens, partly with Buxus sempervirens
Description
Distinctively layered shrub-rich shrub forest with a well developed herb layer and numerous thermophilous species.
Tree Layer
Carpinus betulus (Hornbeam), Quercus petraea (Sessile Oak), admixed Quercus pubescens (Oak), Fraxinus excelsior (Ash), Tilia cordata (Linden), Tilia platyphyllos, Prunus avium, Acer campestre (Maple), Acer opalus (rare), Sorbus aria (Whitebeam), Sorbus torminalis, Sorbus domestica
Shrub Layer
Buxus semperviren (Box), Crataegus laevigata , Crataegus monogyna (Hawthorn), Crataegus curvisepala, Ligustrum vulgare (Elder Bush), Berberis vulgaris, Cornus sanguinea, Viburnum lantana (Linden Bush), Rhamnus cathartica (Fruiting Alder Buckthorn), Corylus avellana (Hazel), Rosa arvensis, locally Colutea arborescens, Hippocrepis emerus
Lianas
Hedera helix, Clematis vitalba
Herb Layer
Mercurialis perennis (dogs_mercury), Campanula trachelium, Pulmonaria obscura, Bromus benekenii, Lilium martagon, Hepatica nobilis, Hieracium murorum, Phyteuma spicatum, Solidago virgaurea (Goldenrod (should be fairly rare methinks), locally Brachypodium pinnatum, thermophilous species: Lithospermum purpurocaeruleum (sweet_woodruff), Melittis melissophyllum (wild_overgrown_nettles (stand in)) Polygonatum odoratum, Primula veris subsp. columnae, Tanacetum corymbosum, Viola hirta (AIR)
