F35
Atlantic-subatlantic hygrophilous pedunculate oak-hornbeam forests (Carpinus betulus, Quercus robur), partly with Quercus petraea, with Stellaria holostea, Ranunculus ficaria, Deschampsia cespitosa
Description
High forests with a two-staged tree layer; the upper tree layer is dominated mostly by pedunculate oak, while underneath hornbeams form a second layer. The shrub layer is only sparsely developed in semi-natural stands. The herb layer is mostly opulently developed, contiguous to interspersed, often grass-rich, and the spring aspect features chamaephytes and geophytes. The moss layer is barely developed.
F35a: Regular
F35b: Wet
Tree Layer
F35a: Quercus robur (Common Oak), Carpinus betulus (Hornbeam), locally Fraxinus excelsior (Ash), Prunus avium (Common Linden), Fagus sylvatica (Common Beech), Acer campestre (Field Maple); Common Oak, Hornbeam, locally Ash, Common Linden, Common Beech and Field MapleF35b: scattered Ulmus laevis (Elm), Acer pseudoplatanus (Field Maple), Tilia cordata (Common Linden), Populus tremula (European Aspen), Quercus petraea (Sessile Oak), Alnus glutinosa (Alder), Prunus padus (Wild Plum)
Scattered Elm, Field Maple, Common Linden, European Aspen, Sessile Oak, Alder and Wild Plum
Shrub Layer
sparsely Corylus avellana (Hazel), Crataegus laevigata (Hawthorn), Rosa canina (English Elm Bush), Viburnum opulus (Linden Bush), Euonymus europaea (Spindle), Cornus sanguinea (Fruiting Dogwood), Crataegus monogyna (Hawthorn), Lonicera xylosteum (Fruiting Hawthorn Bush), Prunus padus (Wild Plum), Rubus caesius (Fruiting Bramble), Frangula alnus (Alder Buckthorn), Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan)
Oak, Apple, Alder and Cherry saplings
Lianas
partly Hedera helix, Lonicera periclymenum
Herb Layer
F35a: Stellaria holostea (grass), Potentilla sterilis (bilberry_bush), Milium effusum (green_meadow_fescue), Anemone nemorosa (ABSENT), Polygonatum multiflorum (lily_of_the_valley), Viola reichenbachiana (sweet_woodruff), Lamium galeobdolon (wild_parsley), Poa nemoralis (lush_grass), Hedera helix, Carex sylvatica (woodland_sedge), Dryopteris filix-mas (fern_1, bracken, fern), Brachypodium sylvaticum (lush_grass), Melica uniflora (lush_grass), Galium odoratum (sweet_woodruff), Convallaria majalis (lily_of_the_valley), Vinca minor (sweet_woodruff), Arum maculatum (sweet_woodruff), Pulmonaria officinalis (sweet_woodruff), Pulmonaria obscura (sweet_woodruff), Primula elatior (wild_parsley), Ranunculus auricomus (buttercups), Sanicula europaea (oxeye_daisy), Allium ursinum (ABSENT), Corydalis cava (ABSENT), Corydalis solida (sweet_woodruff), Mercurialis perennis (dogs_mercury); F35b: Deschampsia cespitosa (bottle_sedge), Athyrium filix-femina (fern_1, bracken, fern), Carex remota (bottle_sedge), Carex brizoides (lush_grass), Stachys sylvatica (purple_wolfs_bane), Festuca gigantea (woodland_sedge), Aegopodium podagraria (horse_chestnut_tree_sapling), Geum urbanum (wild_parsley), Circaea lutetiana (sweet_woodruff), Ranunculus ficaria (wild_parsley), Impatiens noli-tangere (buttercups), Veronica montana (wild_parsley)
Western eaves of Mirkwood
