F31
British pedunculate oak-ash forests (Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus robur) with Acer campestre, Ulmus glabra, partly with Carpinus betulus and Tilia cordata, with Mercurialis perennis
Description
Polymorphous high forests (up to 35 m in height), usually dominated by a mixture of Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus robur, Acer campestre and Corylus avellana, with scattered Ulmus glabra and naturalised Acer pseudoplatanus, that increases towards the north and west. Tilia cordata, Carpinus betulus and sometimes Betula spp. and other tree species occasionally form a second tree layer. The shrub layer consists mainly of Corylus avellana with scattered Crataegus and other shrub species. The herb layer is in parts very luxuriant and contiguous. The moss layer is usually not particularly well developed, especially in drier areas, but it increases towards the north and west.
Tree Layer
Fraxinus excelsior (Common Ash), Quercus robur (Common Oak), Acer campestre (Field Maple), regionally Ulmus glabra (Elm), Ulmus minor (Elm), Acer pseudoplatanus (introduced) (Field Maple), Carpinus betulus (Hornbeam), Tilia cordata (Common Linden), Betula pendula (Silver Birch), Quercus petraea (Sessile Oak)
Common Ash, Common Oak, Field Maple, regionally Elm, Hornbeam, Common Linden, Silver Birch and Sessile Oak
Shrub Layer
Corylus avellana (Hazel), Crataegus monogyna (Hawthorn), Crataegus laevigata (Hawthorn), Sambucus nigra (Elder), Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan), Ilex aquifolium (Holly), Viburnum opulus (Linden Bush), species of the tree layer, Cornus sanguinea (Fruiting Dogwood), Prunus spinosa (Blackthorn), Rubus fruticosus agg. (Fruiting Bramble), Euonymus europaea (Spindle)
Oak, Alder, Apple, Willow and Downy Willow saplings
Lianas
Tamus communis, Clematis vitalba, Lonicera periclymenum, Hedera helix
Herb Layer
Mercurialis perennis (dogs_mercury), Hyacinthoides non-scripta (ABSENT), Circaea lutetiana (sweet_woodruff), Geum urbanum (wild_parsley), Arum maculatum (sweet_woodruff), Allium ursinum (ABSENT), Melica uniflora (lush_grass), Primula acaulis (wild_parsley), Glechoma hederacea (wild_parsley), Viola reichenbachiana (sweet_woodruff), Urtica dioica (wild_overgrown_nettles), Galium aparine (sweet_woodruff), Geranium robertianum (melancholy_thistle), Brachypodium sylvaticum (lush_grass), Dryopteris filix-mas (fern_1, bracken, fern), Dryopteris affinis subsp. Borreri (fern_1, bracken, fern), Anemone nemorosa (ABSENT), Ranunculus ficaria (wild_parsley), Lamium galeobdolon (wild_parsley), Stachys sylvatica (purple_wolfs_bane), Hedera helix, Asplenium scolopendrium (harts_tongue_fern), Carex sylvatica (woodland_sedge)
Forests on the Weather Hills and north of Bree
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