F155
Pindian beech and fir-beech forests (Fagus sylvatica, Abies borisii-regis) with Campanula foliosa
Description
Beech high forests (cathedral forests on shallow slopes), with fir (Abies borisii-regis) on leeward sites. The shrub layer is missing or consists primarily of tree upgrowths. The herb layer may be loosely to luxuriantly developed depending on the degree of shade provided by the canopy.
Tree Layer
Fagus sylvatica s. l. Dominating (Common Beech), here and there admixture of Abies borisii-regis (Bulgarian Fir), Acer pseudoplatanus (Field Maple)
Common Beech dominating, here and there admixture of Bulgarian Fir and Field Maple
Shrub Layer
Young growth of trees, Acer obtusatum (Field Maple (small-medium)), Lonicera xylosteum (Fruiting Hawthorn Bush), Rosa arvensis (wild_shrub), Daphne mezereum (Fruiting Blackthorn Bush), Daphne laureola (Blackthorn Bush)
Alder, Spruce and Pine saplings
Lianas
No detail
Herb Layer
Geranium versicolor (sea_lavender), Geranium reflexum, Campanula trichocalycina, Galium odoratum (sweet_woodruff), Calamintha grandiflora (nettles), Cardamine bulbifera (autumnal_dwarf_birch), Sanicula europaea (oxeye_daisy), Mycelis muralis (marsh_ragwort), Poa nemoralis (lush_grass), Bromus benekenii (woodland_sedge), Brachypodium sylvaticum (lush_grass), Melica uniflora (lush_grass), Urtica dioica (wild_overgrown_nettles), Lamium montanum (nettles), Epilobium montanum (thick_fern), Doronicum orientale (wild_parsley), Saxifraga rotundifolia (wild_parsley), Galium rotundifolium (wild_parsley), Pyrola minor (wild_parsley), Orthilia secunda (wild_parsley), Digitalis viridiflora, Sedum cepaea, Campanula foliosa (wild_parsley), Luzula forsteri (deergrass), Pteridium aquifolium (bracken), Aremonia agrimonoides (dogs_mercury), Viola reichenbachiana (sweet_woodruff), Lathyrus venetus, Campanula spatulata (wild_parsley), Helleborus cyclophyllus, Symphytum ottomanum
Forests in northern Ithilien
