F146
North and middle Apennine beech forests (Fagus sylvatica), partly with Abies alba, with Geranium nodosum, partly Trochiscanthes nodiflora
Description
Two- to three-layered, growthy, herb-rich beech forests, sometimes with added Abies alba and Acer pseudoplatanus, and occasionally with Sorbus aucuparia in the tree layer; in the shrub layer Laburnum alpinum is present as an addition to upgrowths of the tree layer. In the herb layer there are dominating species of mesophilous deciduous forests, and occasionally also species of the Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae. Mosses are found above all on stones and tree trunks. Within the spectrum of lifeforms hemicryptophytes and geophytes are frequent alongside phanerophytes.
Biome:
Trees: Beech (dominant), Silver Fir (isolated), Field Maple, Rowan
Include many moss-variant trees and some ivy-variant ones
Shrubs: Field Maple Bush (at higher elevation), Laburnum, Blackthorn
Ground cover (in patches):
sweet_woodruff, black_knapweed, rosebay_willowherb, raspberry_bush, wild_daisy, wild_shrub, woodland_sedge, dogs_mercury, autumnal_dwarf_birch, marsh_ragwort, dandelion, fern_1, greater_wood_rush, buttercups, alpine_bearberry, green_spurge, yellow_wolfs_bane
Tree Layer
Fagus sylvatica (Beech) dominating, Abies alba (Silver Fir) isolated admixed, Acer pseudoplatanus (Field Maple), Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan)
Shrub Layer
Laburnum alpinum (Laburnum), Rosa pendulina (Field Maple Bush) (upper line), Daphne laureola (Blackthorn)
Lianas
Hedera helix (ivy-variant trees), Rubus hirtus (blackberry_bush)
Herb Layer
Geranium nodosum (sweet_woodruff), Adenostyles australis (black_knapweed), Prenanthes purpurea (rosebay_willowherb), Aruncus dioicus (raspberry_bush), Saxifraga rotundifolia (wild_daisy), Lathyrus venetus (wild_shrub), Luzula nivea (woodland_sedge), Cardamine bulbifera (dogs_mercury), Cardamine enneaphyllos (autumnal_dwarf_birch), Senecio ovatus (marsh_ragwort), Galium odoratum (sweet_woodruff), Hieracium murorum (dandelion), Polystichum aculeatum (fern_1), Melica uniflora (greater_wood_rush), Viola reichenbachiana (sweet_woodruff), Ranunculus lanuginosus (buttercups), Sanicula europaea (sweet_woodruff), Veronica montana (alpine_bearberry), Euphorbia amygdaloides (green_spurge), Salvia glutinosa (yellow_wolfs_bane), Mercurialis perennis (dogs_mercury)
Moss layer (incl. lichens)
Hypnum cupressiforme
green_sphagnum_moss
Central Belfalas, all the way to the White Mountains
