F138
Pyrenean beech and fir-beech forests (Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba) with Scilla lilio-hyacinthus, Lathyrus grandiflorus, Cardamine heptaphylla, Isopyrum thalictroides in combination with acidophilous fir-beech forests (Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba)
Description
Three-layered forests in which tall-growing beeches prevail; in parts the shrub layer is well developed, and there is a species-rich herb layer with numerous geophytes.
Tree Layer
Fagus sylvatica (Common Beech), occasionally Abies alba (Silver Fir)
Common Beech, occasionally Silver Fir
Shrub Layer
Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan), Sorbus aria (Whitebeam), Acer campestre (Field Maple), Corylus avellana (Hazel), Crataegus monogyna (Hawthorn), Sambucus racemosa (Elder), Ilex aquifolium (Holly), Daphne laureola (Blackthorn Bush), Ribes alpinum (wild_shrub), rarely Taxus baccata (forest of Orion) (Yew), Rubus idaeus (Bramble with Berries), Rubus fruticosus (Bramble with Berries)
Alder, Pine and Spruce saplings
Lianas
Hedera helix
Herb Layer
Scilla lilio-hyacinthus (ABSENT), Galium odoratum (sweet_woodruff), Lamium galeobdolon (wild_parsley), Festuca altissima (bottle_sedge), Helleborus viridis subsp. Occidentalis (greater_wood_rush), Cardamine heptaphylla (ABSENT), Carex sylvatica (woodland_sedge), Lathyrus grandiflorus (sweet_woodruff), Hepatica nobilis (ABSENT), Mercurialis perennis (dogs_mercury), Euphorbia hyberna (sweet_woodruff), Euphorbia dulcis (sweet_woodruff), Melica uniflora (lush_grass), Veronica montana (wild_parsley), Viola reichenbachiana (sweet_woodruff), Epilobium montanum (thick_fern), Lathraea clandestina (ABSENT), Mycelis muralis (marsh_ragwort), Poa nemoralis (lush_grass), Prenanthes purpurea, Scrophularia alpestris (sweet_woodruff), Crepis lampsanoides (dandelion), Geranium robertianum (melancholy_thistle), Oxalis acetosella (alpine_bearberry), Gymnocarpium dryopteris (fern_1), Polystichum aculeatum (fern_1), Athyrium filix-femina (fern_1, bracken, fern)
Forests of the Druwaith Iaur, on the slopes of the White Mountains
