F126
Southeast Carpathian hornbeam-beech forests (European Beech, Hornbeam) with Hungarian Cow-wheat
Description
Two-layered beech forests with dominant European Beech (28-32 m tall), and also European Beech (subspecies moesiaca); lower tree layer (20-25 m high) with European Hornbeam, and occasionally also Sessile Oak, Small-leaved Lime, Field Maple, and Wild Cherry are added individually. The herb layer features primarily species typical of beech forests.
Tree Layer
Dominating European Beech (subspecies sylvatica), European Beech (subspecies moesiaca), admixed European Hornbeam, Sessile Oak, locally Small-leaved Lime, Wild Cherry, Field Maple.
Shrub Layer
Hazelnut, Hawthorn, Hairy Bramble, European Spindle, Spindle Tree, Mezereum, European Cornel.
Lianas
Common Ivy, locally Black Bryony, Traveller's Joy.
Herb Layer
Cuckoo Flower, Sweet Woodruff, Yellow Archangel, Early Dog Violet, Liverwort, Lungwort, Wild Ginger, Wood Spurge, Spring Vetchling, Dog's Mercury, Wood Sedge, European Sanicle, Bird's-nest Orchid, Male Fern, False Brome, Wood Meadow Grass; geographical diagnostic and differential species: Large Bittercress, Shining Bedstraw, Hairy Yellow Sedge, Drymeja Fescue, Hungarian Melampyrum, Purple Hellebore.
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