F125
Pre-Carpathian beech forests (Fagus sylvatica), partly with Carpinus betulus, Abies alba, with Cardamine glanduligera, Symphytum tuberosum subsp. angustifolium, partly S. cordatum
Description
Tall-growing beech or fir-beech cathedral forests with a closed canopy (70-90 %). Shrub layer only weakly developed, and absent in typical stands. The herb layer (60-90 %) has a mosaic structure and consists mainly of short or middle-height, broad-leaved dicotyledon herbs. The moss layer is weakly developed and only in base-poor forms contains some bryophytes.
Tree Layer
Fagus sylvatica dominating (Common Beech), admixed Abies alba (occasionally as accompanying tree species) (Silver Fir), Carpinus betulus (Hornbeam), Quercus petraea (Sessile Oak), Quercus robur (not rare, but mostly sparsely occuring) (Common Oak), isolated Picea abies (Norway Spruce), Acer platanoides (Field Maple), Acer pseudoplatanus (Field Maple)
Common Beech dominating (purple), admixed Silver Fir (grey), Hornbeam (orange), Sessile Oak (lime green), Common Oak (dark green), isolated Norway Spruce (pink), Field Maple (brown)
Shrub Layer
Young growth of the tree species, otherwise sparsely Daphne mezereum (Blackthorn Bush With Berries), Euonymus europaea (Spindle), Euonymus verrucosa, Cornus sanguinea (Fruiting Dogwood), Corylus avellana (Hazel)
Alder, Pine and Spruce saplings
Lianas
Hedera helix
Herb Layer
Cardamine glanduligera (sweet_woodruff), Cardamine bulbifera (autumnal_dwarf_birch), Symphytum cordatum (sweet_woodruff), Asarum europaeum (wild_parsely), Galium odoratum (sweet_woodruff), Lamium galeobdolon (wild_parsely), Pulmonaria obscura (sweet_woodruff), Sanicula europaea (oxeye_daisy), Salvia glutinosa (buttercups), Euphorbia amygdaloides (green_spurge), Polygonatum multiflorum (lily_of_the_valley), Viola reichenbachiana (sweet_woodruff), Dryopteris filix-mas (fern_1, bracken, fern), Carex digitata (woodland_sedge), Paris quadrifolia (sweet_woodruff), Actaea spicata (blackberry_bush), Circaea lutetiana (sweet_woodruff), Anemone nemorosa (ABSENT), Athyrium filix-femina (fern, fern_1, bracken), Oxalis acetosella (alpine_bearberry), Maianthamum bifolium, Mycelis muralis (marsh_ragwort), Geranium robertianum (melancholy_thistle)
Forests in the foothills of the White Mountains in Rohan
.png)
