F11
Subatlantic-Central European oak forests (Quercus petraea, Quercus robur), partly with Pinus sylvestris, with Calamagrostis arundinacea, Melica nutans, Rubus saxatilis, Orthilia secunda, locally pine forests on inland dunes
Description
Tree layer (70-80 %) in the typical form primarily of oaks with added pine (with very differing proportions due to the effects of afforestation); shrub layer poorly to moderately developed (especially deciduous woody plants); species-deficient herb layer with numerous and sometimes blankets of Ericaceae 70-80 % (grasses, small perennials, dwarf shrubs); varyingly developed moss layer.
Tree Layer
Quercus petraea (Sessile Oak), Quercus robur (Common Oak), Pinus sylvestris (Scots Pine), (Betula pendula (Silver Birch), Betula pubescens (Downy Birch))
Shrub Layer
Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan), Frangula alnus (Alder Buckthorn), Populus tremula (European Aspen), Juniperus communis (Juniper), Rubus idaeus (Fruiting Bramble), Rubus saxatilis (Fruiting Bramble)
Oak, Apple, Alder, Spruce and Pine saplings
Lianas
No detail
Herb Layer
Melampyrum pratense (common_cow_wheat), Pteridium aquilinum (bracken), Agrostis capillaris (sweet_grass), Anthoxanthum odoratum (timothy_grass), Poa angustifolia (meadow_fescue), Deschampsia flexuosa (lush_grass), Carex pilulifera (bottle_sedge), Calluna vulgaris (heather), Veronica officinalis (wild_parsley), Lathyrus linifolius, Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry_bush), Vaccinium vitis-idaea (lingonberry_bush), Festuca ovina (bottle_sedge), Luzula pilosa (greater_wood_rush), Dryopteris carthusiana (fern_1), Maianthemum bifolium (sweet_woodruff), Pyrola rotundifolia (wild_parsley), Orthilia secunda (wild_parsley), Calamagrostis arundinacea (greater_fen_sedge), Melica nutans (woodland_sedge), Carex digitata (woodland_sedge), Oxalis acetosella (alpine_bearberry), Polypodium vulgare (fern, bracken), Convallaria majalis (sweet_woodruff), Hieracium murorum (sweet_woodruff)
Much of western and southern Mirkwood
