F104
South British beech forests (Fagus sylvatica), alternating with pedunculate oak-ash forests (Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus robur), both with Hyacinthoides non-scripta and Rubus fruticosus
Description
Tall forest, the tree layer of which is dominated in a mosaic fashion by oaks (usually Quercus robur, locally Quercus petraea) and beeches. In addition Tilia cordata, Carpinus betulus and Castanea sativa (naturalised), Fraxinus excelsior, Acer pseudoplatanus (naturalised) occur occasionally (they can also be amply represented in parts within low forests). In the lower tree layer the oak only occurs extensively when Corylus avellana, Crataegus monogyna, Crataegus laevigata, Ilex aquifolium and sometimes Sorbus aucuparia and Sambucus nigra appear. Amongst the beeches only the shade-tolerant shrub Ilex aquifolium is represented at a greater frequency and at a high degree of coverage. In the spring, Hyacinthoides non-scripta is the characteristic dominant species in the herb layer which contains acidophilous and meso-eutrophic species.
F104a: Forest
F104b: Grassland
F104c: Heath
Tree Layer
F104a: Fagus sylvatica, predominating (Common Beech), admixed Quercus robur (Common Oak), isolated Fraxinus excelsior (Common Ash), Acer pseudoplatanus (Field Maple), Tilia cordata (Common Linden), Carpinus betulus (Hornbeam)
Common Beech predominating, admixed Common Oak, isolated Common Ash, Field Maple, Common Linden, Hornbeam
Shrub Layer
F104a: Ilex aquifolium (Holly), Corylus avellana (Hazel)
Additionally Oak, Alder, Apple and Downy Willow saplings
Lianas
Lonicera periclymenum (English Elm Bush), Hedera helix (ivy-variant trees), Rubus fruticosus (Fruiting Bramble)
Herb Layer
Melica uniflora (lush_grass), Galium odoratum (sweet_woodruff), Milium effusum (green_meadow_fescue), Luzula pilosa (greater_wood_rush), Oxalis acetosella (alpine_bearberry), Holcus mollis (dry_reeds), Pteridium aquilinum (bracken)
F104b: Holcus mollis (dry_reeds), Pteridium aquilinum (bracken), +Grass mix
F104c: Calluna vulgaris (heather), Holcus mollis (dry_reeds), Pteridium aquilinum (bracken)
Forests scattered around Minhiriath and Enedwaith, as well as immediately north of the Barrow-Downs and in eastern
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