F1
West Irish-west British hyperoceanic, moss- and lichen-rich sessile oak forests (Quercus petraea) with Betula pubescens, Ilex aquifolium, Dryopteris aemula, Luzula sylvatica, Hymenophyllum tunbrigense, Hymenophyllum wilsonii, Saccogyna viticulosa, Plagiochila spinulosa
Description
Quercus petraea dominates in the 15-20 m high tree layer, and there is scattered Betula pubescens. The well-developed shrub layer consists of Ilex aquifolium, Sorbus aucuparia and the naturalized Rhododendron ponticum (often thicket forming). In the herb layer dwarf shrubs such as Vaccinium myrtillus and Calluna vulgaris as well as Pteridium aquilinum are characteristic. They form a mosaic with grasses, herbs and other ferns. Opulent and species-rich moss layer with remarkable mosses, liverworts, lichens as well as epiphytic communities.
Tree Layer
Quercus petraea (Sessile Oak), (Betula pubescens) (Downy Birch)
Shrub Layer
Ilex aquifolium (Holly), Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan), locally Rhododendron ponticum (introduced) (wild_shrub)
Oak, Apple and Alder saplings
Lianas
Hedera helix, Lonicera periclymenum
Herb Layer
Pteridium aquilinum (bracken), Anthoxanthum odoratum (timothy_grass), Agrostis capillaris (sweet_grass), Deschampsia flexuosa (lush_grass), Calluna vulgaris (heather), Solidago virgaurea (goldenrod), Potentilla erecta (birdsfoot_trefoil), Melampyrum pratense (common_cow_wheat), Molinia caerulea (sweet_grass), Dryopteris dilatata (fern_1, bracken, fern), Hedera helix, Teucrium scorodonia (sweet_woodruff), Galium saxatile (sweet_woodruff), Luzula sylvatica (greater_wood_rush), Blechnum spicant (fern_1, fern), Oreopteris limbosperma (fern_1, fern), Saxifraga spathularis (wild_parsley), Dryopteris aemula (fern_1), Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry_bush), Oxalis acetosella (alpine_bearberry), Polypodium vulgare (fern, bracken), Athyrium filix-femina (fern_1, bracken, fern), Agrostis canina (green_meadow_fescue)
Oak forests in Forlindon and northern Eriador
