D8
Scandinavian-east European spruce forests (Picea abiesin the east Picea abies x Picea obovata), partly with Tilia cordata and Corylus avellana, with herbs, dwarf shrubs and mosses (Oxalis acetosella, Melica nutans, Vaccinium myrtillus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, locally Anemone nemorosa, Hepatica nobilis)
Description
Scandinavian-east European spruce forests (Picea abiesin the east Picea abies x Picea obovata), partly with Tilia cordata and Corylus avellana, with herbs, dwarf shrubs and mosses (Oxalis acetosella, Melica nutans, Vaccinium myrtillus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, locally Anemone nemorosa, Hepatica nobilis)
The mapping unit contains sorrel-, fern- and herb-rich spruce forests. spruce forests with canopy closures of 70-80% and a stand quality of I. Betula pendula, Populus tremula and Pinus sylvestris are sporadically intermingled. Usually a good spruce rejuvenation (often 10-20 % cover). The shrub layer is usually weakly developed and also contains nemoral woody plants (Corylus avellana, Lonicera xylosteum). In the herb layer Oxalis acetosella often dominates (up to 90 % coverage). The moss layer is usually only weakly developed. With lower canopy closures (50-60%) Calamagrostis arundinacea or Rubus saxatilis exist at high proportions in the herb layer. Southern boreal spruce forests are characterised by the dominance of sorrel-spruce forests on normal sites.
Tree Layer
Picea abies (Norway Spruce) , in Rhovanion additionally P. abies x P. obovata (Siberian Spruce), in the second tree layer scattered Betula pendula (Silver Birch), Populus tremula (European Aspen), Pinus sylvestris (Scots Pine), Tilia cordata (Common Linden)
Norway Spruce, in Rhovanion additionally Siberian Spruce, scattered Silver Birch, European Aspen, Scots Pine, Common Linden
Shrub Layer
Corylus avellana (Hazel), Alnus incana (Common Alder), Salix caprea (Goat Willow), Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan), Lonicera xylosteum (Fruiting Hawthorn Bush), Daphne mezereum (Fruiting Blackthorn Bush), Rubus saxatilis (Fruiting Bramble), Tilia cordata (Common Linden)
Spruce, Pine, Alder and Apple saplings
Lianas
No details
Herb Layer
Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry_bush), Vaccinium vitis-idaea (lingonberry_bush), Oxalis acetosella (alpine_bearberry), Melampyrum sylvaticum (wild_overgrown_nettles), Moneses uniflora (wild_parsley), Pyrola rotundifolia (wild_parsley), Pyrola minor (wild_parsley), Dryopteris carthusiana (fern_1), Dryopteris dilatata (fern_1, bracken, fern), Gymnocarpium dryopteris (fern_1), Maianthemum bifolium (sweet_woodruff), Trientalis europaea (greater_wood_rush), Deschampsia flexuosa (lush_grass), Luzula pilosa (greater_wood_rush), Fragaria vesca (lingonberry_bush [age=7]), Viola riviniana (ABSENT), Melica nutans (woodland_sedge), Carex digitata (woodland_sedge), Anemone nemorosa (ABSENT);
Forests on the lower foothills of the Blue Mountains
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