D55
East European psammophytic pine forests (Pinus sylvestris), partly with Quercus robur, Tilia cordata, in the southwest with Carpinus betulus in understorey, partly with Chamaecytisus ruthenicus, partly with steppe plants (Pulsatilla patens, Veronica spicata), in the hemi-boreal zone mostly with Picea abies
Description
Tree layer with dominant Pinus sylvestris (60-80 % coverage), scattered small-leaved deciduous forests; scattered shrub layer, but developed better than in D54 (10-30 % coverage); the herb layer (60-90 % coverage) usually features dwarf shrubs as well as grasses; the moss layer (70-90 % coverage) consists mostly of bryophytes, and in dry pine forests of shrub lichens.
Tree Layer
Pinus sylvestris (most important stand forming tree species) (Scots Pine), scattered, isolated species of Betula pendula (Silver Birch), Betula pubescens (Downy Birch), with Picea abies (second tree-layer) in the hemi-boreal area (Silver Fir); locally Tilia cordata (Common Linden), Quercus robur (Common Oak), Carpinus betulus (Hornbeam) in the underwood
Scots Pine, scattered, isolated Silver Birch, Downy Birch, Silver Fir, locally Common Linden, Common Oak, Hornbeam in the underwood
Shrub Layer
Young growth of the tree species, further Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan), Juniperus communis (Juniper), Frangula alnus (Alder Buckthorn), Rubus saxatilis (Fruiting Bramble), scattered Chamaecytisus ruthenicus (wild_shrub)
Pine, Spruce, Apple, Alder and Oak saplings
Lianas
No details
Herb Layer
Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry_bush), Vaccinium vitis-idaea (lingonberry_bush), Chimaphila umbellata (wild_parsley), Festuca ovina (bottle_sedge), Luzula pilosa (greater_wood_rush), Calluna vulgaris (heather), Calamagrostis arundinacea (greater_fen_sedge), Convallaria majalis (sweet_woodruff), Pulsatilla patens (ABSENT), Veronica spicata (wild_overgrown_nettles), Hieracium pilosella (wild_parsley), Genista tinctoria (yellow_wolfs_bane), Solidago virgaurea (goldenrod)
Central region in between the River Running and the Iron Hills, in the Kingdom of Dale
