D4
North European moss-rich spruce forests (Picea abies, in the east P. abies x P. obovata, P. obovata) with dwarf shrubs and herbs (Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Trientalis europaea, Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi, Dicranum spp.)
Description
North European moss-rich spruce forests (Picea abies, in the east P. abies x P. obovata, P. obovata) with dwarf shrubs and herbs (Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Trientalis europaea, Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi, Dicranum spp.)
Typical middle boreal spruce forests on mainly fresh sites in different formation types that depend on site conditions and soil trophy: berry shrub-rich, Oxalis-rich and fern-rich formation types. Bilberry-spruce forests (canopy closure 70-80%) prevail. Pinus sylvestris, Betula pubescens, Sorbus aucuparia and Populus tremula are admixtures. A shrub layer is hardly if at all developed. Dwarf shrubs and mosses dominate in the field layer, while individual herbs are scattered. Grasses are frequent on clearings and in thinned forest forms.
Tree Layer
Picea abies (Norway Spruce), Picea obovata (Siberian Spruce), admixed Pinus sylvestris (Scots Pine), Betula pubescens (Downy Birch), Populus tremula (European Aspen)
Norway Spruce, Siberian Spruce, admixed Scots Pine, Downy Birch and European Aspen
Shrub Layer
Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan), Juniperus communis (Juniper), Frangula alnus (Alder Buckthorn), Rosa majalis (Elm Bush), Rubus saxatilis (Fruiting Bramble), in the east Rosa acicularis (Elm Bush), locally Prunus padus (Wild Plum)
Spruce, Pine and Alder saplings
Lianas
No details
Herb Layer
Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry_bush), Vaccinium vitis-idaea (lingonberry_bush), Maianthemum bifolium (sweet_woodruff), Trientalis europaea (greater_wood_rush), Deschampsia flexuosa (lush_grass), Linnaea borealis (ABSENT), Lycopodium annotinum (wood_horsetail), Melampyrum pratense (common_cow_wheat), Gymnocarpium dryopteris (fern_1), Dryopteris expansa (fern_1, bracken, fern), Anemone nemorosa (ABSENT), Agrostis capillaris (sweet_grass), Oxalis acetosella (alpine_bearberry), Orthilia secunda (wild_parsley), Pyrola rotundifolia (wild_parsley), Calamagrostis arundinacea (greater_fen_sedge), Luzula pilosa (greater_wood_rush)
Forests in eastern Forodwaith on the longitude of the Sea of Rhun, and in the upper Vale of Anduin
