D29
Spruce-fir forests (Abies alba, Picea abies) with Galium rotundifolium, Oxalis acetosella, Luzula luzulina, Veronica urticifolia in the Inner Alps, partly with Luzula luzuloides-fir forests, locally with spruce forests
Description
Almost pure coniferous forests (Abies alba, Picea abies, occasional Pinus sylvestris, Larix decidua) with different numbers of layers: An insignificant shrub layer and depending on site and type a species-deficient to a moderately species-rich herb layer in which mostly acidophilous species dominate. Elements of the Fagetalia also occur and the moss layer is species-rich.
Silver Fir and Norway Spruce are dominant; occasional Scots Pine and European Larch; rare Silver Birch and Common Beech; occasional Swiss pine on higher altitudes
Shrubs: very rare Fruiting Blackthorn Bush
Understory (generally sparse, occasionally moderately dense): alpine_bearberry, wild_parsley (rare), greater_wood_rush, bilberry_bush, lush_grass, sweet_woodruff, greater_fen_sedge, nettles, fern, bracken, fern_1, marsh_ragwort (very rare)
Tree Layer
Abies alba (Silver Fir), Picea abies (Norway Spruce), scattered Pinus sylvestris (Scots Pine), Larix decidua (European Larch), Betula pendula (Silver Birch), locally also rarely Fagus sylvatica (Common Beech), on higher altitudes sometimes Pinus cembra (Swiss Pine)
Shrub Layer
Lonicera nigra (Fruiting Blackthorn Bush)
Lianas
No details
Herb Layer
Oxalis acetosella (alpine_bearberry), Galium rotundifolium (wild_parsley) (not generally), Luzula luzulina (greater_wood_rush), Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry_bush), Deschampsia flexuosa (lush_grass), Hieracium murorum (sweet_woodruff), Calamagrostis arundinacea (greater_fen_sedge), Calamagrostis villosa (greater_wood_rush), Veronica urticifolia (nettles), Athyrium filix-femina (fern), Gymnocarpium dryopteris (bracken), Dryopteris dilatata (fern_1 - rarer), Senecio ovatus (marsh_ragwort)
Moss layer (incl. lichens)Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Hylocomium splendens, Dicranum scoparium, Polytrichum formosum, Eurhynchium striatum, Plagiothecium undulatum
Uplands of the West-march of Rohan and eastern slopes of the Misty Mountains
