East Central European submontane acidophilous fir forests (Abies alba) with Vaccinium myrtillus, Deschampsia flexuosa, Luzula pilosa
Tree layer 70-80 (90) % (coniferous trees, few deciduous trees); shrubs 10-80 %; herb layer 60-80 % (mostly dwarf shrubs, grasses and herbs); ground layer 70-90 (100 !) % (bryophytes). The pedunculate oak plays only an extremely subordinate role in this unit.
Abies alba (Silver Fir), Picea abies (Norway Spruce); often admixed Fagus sylvatica (Beech)
Alder, Spruce and Pine saplings
No details
Maianthemum bifolium (sweet_woodruff), Oxalis acetosella (alpine_bearberry), Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry_bush)







