D2
Northeast European open spruce forests (Picea abies x Picea obovata, Picea obovata) with Pinus sylvestris, Betula pubescens, Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii, with dwarf shrubs, mosses and lichens (Vaccinium myrtillus, Empetrum hermaphroditum, Hylocomium splendens, Dicranum fuscescens, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Cladina spp.)
Description
Non-water-logged northern boreal spruce forest with a low canopy closure (40-60 %) and low stand quality (IV-V). The proportion of birch in the tree layer is 20-30 %. The mapping unit is characterised by a range of boreal species that occur in more southern areas only in water-logged forests and in oligotrophic mires. The moss layer is well developed. In the northern part of the unit, pine forests with dominating shrub lichens occur (Cladina arbuscula, Cladina rangiferina, Cladina stellaris). Lichen pine forests are associated with the driest and most stony-rocky sites.
Tree Layer
Picea obovata (Siberian Spruce), with admixture of Pinus sylvestris (Scots Pine), Betula pubescens (Downy Birch), Betula pubescens subsp. Czerepanovii (Downy Birch)
Siberian Spruce, with admixture of Scots Pine and Downy Birch
Shrub Layer
Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan), Juniperus communis (Juniper), Rosa acicularis (Elm Bush), Betula nana (autumnal_dwarf_birch)
Spruce, Pine and Alder saplings
Lianas
No details
Herb Layer
Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry_bush), Vaccinium vitis-idaea (lingonberry_bush), Vaccinium uliginosum (bog_blueberry_bush), Empetrum hermaphroditum (bilberry_bush), Ledum palustre (beautyberry_bush), Rubus arcticus (lingonberry_bush), Cornus suecica (lingonberry_bush), Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (alpine_bearberry), Carex globularis (sweet_grass), Deschampsia flexuosa (lush_grass), Solidago virgaurea (goldenrod), Calluna vulgaris (heather)
Forests in the south-eastern Bay of Forochel
