D15
Southwest Scandinavian subatlantic spruce forests (Picea abies) with Quercus robur, with dwarf shrubs and herbs (Vaccinium myrtillus, Oxalis acetosella, Melica nutans, Viola riviniana) alternating with raised bogs
Description
Vegetation mosaic conditioned by a mobile relief and various site types: On deep and relatively nutrient-rich sites there are spruce forests with pedunculate oak in the understorey (cf. D8), while oak and pine forests occur on acid-soil over shallow and rocky sites (cf.F8 and D46, D54). The main units are meso-eutraphent spruce forests and oligo-mesotraphent oak forests. spruce forests with dominating Picea abies in the tree layer, and local additions of Betula pendula, Populus tremula, Pinus sylvestris as well as Quercus robur in the understorey. Herb layer (up to 90 % coverage) with dwarf shrubs and herbs. The moss layer is usually well developed (up to 90 % coverage).
Tree Layer
Picea abies (Norway Spruce), locally admixed Pinus sylvestris (Scots Pine), Betula pendula (Silver Birch), Betula pubescens s. L. (Downy Birch), Populus tremula (European Aspen), Quercus robur (Common Oak);
Norway Spruce, locally admixed Scots Pine, Silver Birch, Downy Birch, European Aspen and Common Oak
Shrub Layer
Corylus avellana (Hazel), Juniperus communis (Juniper), Frangula alnus (Alder Buckthorn), locally Ilex aquifolium (Holly), Rubus saxatilis (Fruiting Bramble)
Alder, Oak, Apple, Spruce and Pine saplings
Lianas
Lonicera periclymenum; Hedera helix
Herb Layer
Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry_bush), Vaccinium vitis-idaea (lingonberry_bush), Calluna vulgaris (heather), Deschampsia flexuosa (lush_grass), Melampyrum pratense (common_cow_wheat), Melampyrum sylvaticum (wild_overgrown_nettles), Linnaea borealis (ABSENT), Hieracium murorum (sweet_woodruff), Luzula pilosa (greater_wood_rush), Trientalis europaea (greater_wood_rush), Maianthemum bifolium (sweet_woodruff), Carex pilulifera (bottle_sedge), Oxalis acetosella (alpine_bearberry), Moneses uniflora (wild_parsley), Pyrola rotundifolia (wild_parsley), Pyrola minor (wild_parsley);
Forests in northern Eriador, west of Angmar
